SCHOPENHAUER'S CRITICISM TO KANT OVER THE PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASONS

Abstract

Kant, so to speak, constituted a landmark in the history of philosophy, as it had decisive effects on the periods that follow him. Schopenhauer, who was among his successors, was greatly influenced by Kant while establishing his philosophy. In his view, Kant was a great genius with his imperishability and inexhaustibility. For this reason, it was easier to show faults and inaccuracies than to give a complete explanation of its value. Schopenhauer pointed out that the experienced world is shaped by the subject's categories of knowing. He said that “The world is my representation.” By this he told that the time-space, corporeal, causal connection does not exist outside of man independently of man, that the world of appearances or phenomena is our own creation. His designation of the sensory world as a representation of the subject is its Kantian side. The world as a design is the visible side of the world, the real reality that forms the basis of the world, according to Schopenhauer, is “will”. This forms the face that separates Schopenhauer from Kant. For Schopenhauer, will is the origin of the world and everything. The basis of everything is will, which is irrational and aimless. The thing-in-itself as unknowable and unspeakable reality for Kant is will for Schopenhauer. People always want something without stopping. Whether it satisfies their desires or not, he wants it. In Schopenhauer this is the most fundamental truth. When a person turns to himself/herself, he/she can feel it and the will can be known from the existential structure of the person. So Schopenhauer differs from Kant in seeing the thing-in-itself as an object of experience and thus making it knowable. In Schopenhauer, will constitutes the essence of everything, the entire field of existence. Starting from the will, which he saw as the most basic element that makes up human, he became aware of the essence of the universe and existence. Because, according to Schopenhauer, the structure of the universe was reflected in the structure of man. Therefore, when a human truth is revealed, the truth of the universe is reached. But Kant talked about the impossibility and unknowability of the existence of a first cause in the third of the conflicts in which reason necessarily falls. Schopenhauer's criticisms of Kant took advantage of this and led him to produce his own unique thoughts. At this point, we come across the principle of sufficient, expressed by Schopenhauer, to be handled over the quaternary root, and this issue constitutes the originality of his thoughts. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate Schopenhauer's criticisms of Kant through the principle of sufficient reason