THE THEORY OF LOGICAL PRINCIPLES WITH THE DEFINITION, REQUIREMENT, COMPARISON AND WORD CHANGE IN AL-FÂRÂBÎ FROM METAPHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

In our study, we tried to deal with some of the evidence source places that constitute the general principles of the intellectual and imaginative fields in which five arts (apodictical and dialectical, rhetorical, poetical, and sophistical art) were used as a method, that Al- Farabi analyzes in his book Kitâbut- Tahlîl. These principles are the logical principles that the science of logic presents to the five arts and to the intellectual and imaginary fields through the five arts. It is clear that Al- Farabi aims to determine the distinction between the scientific (apodictical) and non- scientific (dialectical, rhetorical, poetical, and sophistical) evidence source places in principle. In doing so, Al- Farabi not only acts from an epistemological perspective, but from an ontological and metaphysical perspective. He takes axiomatic-metaphysics principles such as identity, non-contradiction, necessity, the self-state of the object in the being, causality as a criterion while obtaining the evidence source places from the definition, requirement, comparison and changes in the words. These metaphysical principles that he is based on, while determining which logical principles are scientific and which are not, constitute the strongest pillars of our assumption that the analysis in Tahlîl corresponds to a metaphysical analysis, thus pointing to a metaphysical perspective.